The immunoproteasome, a specialized protein complex involved in protein degradation and immune responses, is emerging as a key player in diabetes.
In type 1 diabetes, the immunoproteasome contributes to the immune-mediated destruction of insulin-producing cells via antigen presentation and immune pathway activation.
The review highlights the immunoproteasome's influence on pancreatic β-cell function, glucose metabolism, and lipid regulation.
In type 2 diabetes, the immunoproteasome exhibits a dual role: promoting chronic inflammation while also protecting cells from stress. The article also covers its involvement in diabetes complications including cardiovascular disease, kidney damage, and retinal disorders, where elevated subunit activity is linked to fibrosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory signaling.
Modulation of immunoproteasome activity has been associated with improved metabolic efficiency, reduced fat accumulation, and better glucose handling.
The article identifies promising therapeutic approaches such as selective inhibitors targeting key subunits, which may reduce inflammation, limit fibrosis, and improve metabolic health.