Key Finding: Duke-NUS scientists discovered that ageing muscle may contribute to cancer growth by releasing fewer extracellular vesicles, which are particles used for intercellular communication.
The composition of these vesicles changes with age, particularly reduced levels of miR-7a-5p, a microRNA that suppresses tumor growth. Exercise was found to restore the protective function of muscle-derived extracellular vesicles.
Background
The effects of ageing muscle are exemplified by sarcopenia, a condition involving loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. In Singapore, nearly one in three seniors aged 60 and above is affected. The study was conducted in collaboration with Singapore General Hospital and Cardiff University, and published in Nature Communications.
The Mechanism Explained
Muscle cells use extracellular vesicles to send messages that influence other cells. The release of these vesicles is controlled by a biological pathway that declines with age but can be reactivated through exercise.
Key Statements
Assistant Professor Tang Hong-Wen (Duke-NUS) stated that the study uncovers how weakened muscles can promote tumor growth.
Dr. Kenon Chua (Singapore General Hospital) noted the clinical association between advanced cancer and low muscle mass, and emphasized the importance of resistance and aerobic exercises for maintaining healthy muscle volume.
Implications for Future Therapies
The findings establish a direct biological link between aged muscle and tumor growth, revealing a muscle-to-tumor communication pathway that could be targeted for new therapies to prevent cancer progression. Potential biomarkers for assessing cancer risk in sarcopenia include extracellular vesicles and miR-7a-5p.
Next Steps
The scientists plan to validate findings in human samples and assess whether extracellular vesicles or their microRNA content can serve as biomarkers.
Funding
This research was supported by the Singapore Ministry of Education, the Diana Koh Innovative Cancer Research Award, National Academy of Medicine grant, and the National Research Foundation, Singapore under NMRC grants.