A DNA sequencing project has been initiated to support the conservation of the Rufous scrub-bird, a songbird species inhabiting high-altitude rainforests.
Species Overview
The Rufous scrub-bird is identified as one of the world's oldest surviving songbird species. Current estimates indicate a population of fewer than 2,000 individuals remaining.
Genetic Research Initiative
Brian Hawkins, a Senior Threatened Species Officer with the NSW Department of Climate Change, Energy, Environment and Water, stated that the DNA project aims to identify genetic variations across five geographically isolated colonies of the bird. These colonies are distributed from Barrington Tops National Park in north-west of Newcastle to the Border Ranges National Park in north-east NSW and south-east Queensland.
Environmental Impact and Future Strategy
The Black Summer bushfires of 2019 and 2020 affected some of these habitats, leading to unquantified population losses and habitat reduction. The North East Ecosystems and Threatened Species team, based in Coffs Harbour, is collecting high-quality DNA to assess the feasibility of interbreeding between colonies. This assessment would determine if such interventions could enhance genetic resilience or increase population numbers without compromising the species' genetic identity.
Capture Methodology
Catching Rufous scrub-birds for DNA sampling presents challenges due to their elusive nature and preference for dense understorey vegetation. The methodology involves identifying a male bird's singing territory, recording its song, and then playing it back to elicit a territorial response. Birds are then captured in mist nets, which are deployed from ground level up to two meters high. Rapid action is required for capture due to the birds' agility.
Project Progress
During a recent effort, a team led by Australian National University researchers successfully captured and sampled two male birds in Werrikimbe National Park within a single day. This led to the sequencing of the complete genome for that specific population. Prior to this, only a limited number of these birds had been successfully captured. Samples have also been collected from the Barrington Tops population, with future efforts planned for the Borger Ranges or Gibraltar Range populations.
Conservation Planning
Dr. Hawkins indicated that the research is crucial for safeguarding the species, particularly in light of potential future fire seasons that could severely impact remaining habitats. The genetic data gathered will serve as a foundation for intensive management strategies, including the potential establishment of a captive breeding program to create an 'insurance population' if fire risks escalate.