Hormones and Overall Health
Prof David Ray, an endocrinologist at the University of Oxford, states that hormones influence nearly all bodily functions, including skin, gut health, and mood. Hormonal levels fluctuate throughout the day based on factors such as food intake, hunger, and stress levels. Endocrinologists specialize in treating disorders characterized by either an excess or deficiency of hormones.
Understanding Metabolic Rate
Dr David Cavan, a consultant endocrinologist specializing in diabetes and weight management, explains that metabolic rate refers to how the body converts food components into energy and essential molecules. A slower metabolic rate can lead to less energy expenditure and increased weight gain. Insulin is crucial for regulating glucose metabolism; however, excessive insulin can result in weight gain, high blood pressure, and type 2 diabetes. High insulin levels can also slow metabolism, creating a cycle that promotes fat storage. The increase in obesity and type 2 diabetes over the last 30 years coincides with a rise in ultra-processed foods high in energy, sugar, and refined carbohydrates, which elevate insulin levels. Modern lifestyles characterized by reduced physical activity also contribute to this issue.
Weight Loss Injections
Weight loss injections influence hormone levels that affect metabolism by slowing down food absorption from the gut and impacting satiety, leading to reduced insulin levels and fat loss. These treatments are largely restricted on the NHS, with most individuals obtaining them privately. Cavan advises that those purchasing injections online ensure access to reliable information on dosage and managing side effects.
The Role of Protein
Cavan notes that metabolic syndrome, characterized by being overweight and an increased risk of pre-diabetes, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and sleep apnea, is often linked to excessive insulin. Consuming carbohydrates, whether sugar or starch, increases insulin levels. Prioritizing protein and vegetables over carbohydrates can address the root cause of high insulin. Recommended proteins include meats, fish, cheese, pulses, tofu, plain Greek yogurt, and eggs. Dr Anjali Amin, an endocrinologist at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, confirms that a high-protein diet can aid appetite regulation, promoting satiety.
Importance of Resistance Training
Amin highlights that exercise, particularly resistance training, improves muscle mass. This is beneficial for women during menopause, as declining estrogen levels impact bone health. Cavan agrees that simple strength training, such as squats or press-ups, helps maintain muscle, which is especially important for individuals using weight loss injections, as approximately 40% of lost weight can be muscle. While movement burns energy, Cavan clarifies that exercise is not the primary factor for weight loss; diet is more critical. Walking is encouraged for energy expenditure, but individuals who are very overweight should be cautious about injury and potential appetite increase from strenuous exercise.
Office Environment and Metabolism
Studies indicate that sitting for over an hour can put metabolism into a