BMJ Analysis on Alcohol-Free Drinks and Public Health
A recent analysis published in the BMJ examined existing research and policy evidence on the health effects of low-alcohol and alcohol-free drinks, outlining principles to maximize potential benefits and reduce risks. The study was prompted by the growing popularity of these products.
Rise of Alcohol-Free Drinks
Alcohol-free or low-alcohol (nolo) drinks are increasingly popular, with 20% of UK adults consuming them occasionally, reflecting a global trend towards more moderate drinking. These products are widely available and promoted as safer alternatives. While they may reduce health risks when replacing higher-strength alcoholic beverages, concerns exist regarding their marketing, equity, and potential unintended consequences. The analysis emphasizes the need for further research to clarify their public health impact.
Definition and Growth
In the UK, nolo drinks contain no more than 1.2% alcohol by volume (ABV) and are designed to mimic traditional alcoholic beverages. This distinguishes them from reduced-strength alcoholic drinks that can still cause intoxication. Sales are rising in high-income countries due to improved production, wellness trends, and consumer interest in flexible drinking patterns. Despite this growth, nolo drinks constitute a small portion of total alcohol sales, suggesting a limited population-level substitution.
Potential Public Health Benefits
The primary potential health benefit is the replacement of higher-ethanol drinks, which could reduce alcohol-related harm. This is particularly relevant for heavy drinkers, individuals with limited resources, pregnant individuals, adolescents, and drivers. Studies indicate some individuals are making this switch, though the scale of substitution is modest. In social settings, these drinks may offer an alternative to alcohol consumption, supporting efforts to reduce drinking, but evidence for their effectiveness in addiction treatment is limited.
Concerns Regarding Inequalities and Marketing
Nolo drinks are often priced similarly to alcoholic options, making them less accessible to lower socioeconomic groups who experience higher alcohol-related harm. This pricing structure could exacerbate health inequalities. Major public health concerns include surrogate marketing, where alcohol brands use nolo variants to bypass advertising restrictions, potentially maintaining brand visibility in restricted spaces. There are also concerns that these products or their marketing could trigger cravings in individuals in recovery or normalize alcohol brands for younger demographics, though evidence on