Two recent studies involving over 28,000 individuals have identified 11 genetic regions in the human genome that significantly influence the composition and function of gut bacteria. Previously, only two such genetic regions were known.
The research was conducted by an international Nordic team, including scientists from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), the University of Gothenburg, and Uppsala University.
Study Methodology
The studies analyzed genetic data and gut bacteria from participants in the HUNT4 survey in Trøndelag, Norway. The analysis included stool samples from 12,662 participants, with data from a total of 28,000 people used across both studies.
Key Findings
- Genetic Regions Identified: Researchers identified 11 genetic regions in the human genome that influence the composition and function of gut bacteria.
- Body Weight Correlation: A correlation was observed between body mass index (BMI) and gut microbiota composition. Higher BMI was associated with changes to gut microbiota.
- Genetic Interaction: The composition of gut microbiota was linked to specific genes, indicating an interaction between genetics, body weight, and disease risk.
- Biological Mechanisms: The identified genetic regions are associated with processes in the gastrointestinal tract, including nutrient absorption and the body's response to bacteria.
Disease Associations
Researchers observed associations between some of these genetic variants and an increased risk of certain conditions, including coeliac disease (gluten intolerance), haemorrhoids, and cardiovascular diseases.
Researcher Statements
"We demonstrate that there is a correlation between gut microbiota and body weight. We have also observed that having a high BMI is detrimental to gut microbiota."
— Professor Kristian Hveem of NTNU
"Research shows that gut microbiota may also be linked to conditions such as coeliac disease and haemorrhoids. There is also an interaction between genetics, the composition of the gut microbiota and the risk of disease."
— Professor Kristian Hveem of NTNU
Authorship and Funding
Marta Moksnes of the University of Gothenburg is the lead author of the study published in Nature Genetics. The research was funded by the Swedish Heart Lung Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, the European Research Council, and the Kristian Gerhard Jebsen Foundation.
The researchers stated they aim to use these findings to develop improved methods for preventing and treating diseases by considering the interaction between genes, gut biology, and the microbiome.